Breakthroughs in Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Technologies

the steelmaking industry in china has long grappled with challenges such as extended smelting cycles, low energy utilization efficiency, and high production costs associated with electric arc furnace (eaf) steelmaking. in response to this challenge, institutions like beijing university of science and technology have proposed the "electric arc furnace steelmaking composite blowing and smelting technology," with enhanced molten pool stirring as its core. this involves improving unit operation functionality, resolving multifunctionality in concentrated oxygen supply, and ensuring the safety and longevity of bottom blowing.

the research focused on improving the functionality of individual units, addressing the multifunctionalization of concentrated oxygen supply and the safety and longevity issues of bottom blowing. this led to the integration of various unit operation technologies under the diverse furnace charge structures. the study also developed a temperature and composition forecasting system for electric arc furnace steelmaking, creating an operational software package to meet the precise control requirements of composite blowing.

stirring intensity enhancement: the research involves an in-depth investigation into the stirring intensity of eaf molten pools. the study reveals the significant improvement achieved through dual coupling of "oxygen jet + bottom blowing stream" and triple equivalent coupling of "oxygen jet + bottom blowing stream + electromagnetic field." quantitative analysis of the mathematical relationship between molten pool flow velocity and operational parameters provides theoretical guidance for the composite blowing process.

concentrated jet stream technology: the development of supersonic center jet stream technology, enveloping high-temperature gases, significantly improves the decarburization and stirring capabilities of the oxygen jet. widely applied in over 60 eafs globally, this technology has reached international leadership levels.

multifunctional application of concentrated jet stream technology: to adapt to the diversity of furnace charge structures, the research team explores multifunctional applications, developing modularized energy supply technology for furnace walls, top concentrated jet oxygen supply and blowing technology, and embedded oxygen supply technology. this approach achieves multi-mode and multi-point oxygen supply, enhancing oxygen supply efficiency and further perfecting the application of concentrated jet stream technology.

safe and durable bottom blowing technology: through extensive research, the team successfully develops safe and durable bottom blowing technology, addressing issues related to failure mechanisms, bottom blowing component preparation, and implementing a full-process warning system with redundancy functions. the technology has been proven effective in various eaf types and tonnages.

composite blowing integrated control research: the team establishes physical entities such as energy segmentation modules, dynamic material balance prediction modules, and energy balance calculation modules. using plc fieldbus for equipment coordination, an intelligent "power supply-oxygen-decarburization-waste heat" energy balance system stabilizes the flue gas temperature in the waste heat recovery system, ensuring the coordinated operation of the eaf composite blowing unit and the waste heat recovery device.

the technology has demonstrated significant metallurgical results in hengyang valin steel tube co., ltd., including enhanced efficiency, high-quality production, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness. these achievements elevate china's eaf steelmaking technical and economic indicators to international advanced levels. the research also addresses safety and lifespan concerns related to bottom blowing, showcasing the successful application of various blowing techniques.

the engineering application of electric arc furnace steelmaking composite blowing and smelting technology has been realized, ensuring efficient, high-quality, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective production. this achievement has elevated the main technical and economic indicators of electric arc furnace steelmaking in china to international advanced levels.

through research on bottom blowing component preparation technology, optimization design of bottom blowing processes, and the development of redundant full-process warning technology, the safety and longevity issues of bottom blowing in electric arc furnaces have been addressed. the technology has achieved synchronization with the furnace campaign, exceeding a bottom blowing lifespan of 750 heats. various blowing techniques, such as modularized supply of energy to the furnace wall, top concentrated jet oxygen supply, and embedded oxygen supply, have been developed, enabling multi-mode and multi-point oxygen supply in electric arc furnace steelmaking and improving the application of concentrated jet stream technology.

the establishment of a full-size model for the "gas-slag-metal" three-phase equivalent coupling of the electric arc furnace, along with the understanding of the coupling laws of oxygen jet streams, electromagnetic fields, and bottom blowing streams on molten pool stirring intensity, has led to advancements in electric arc furnace equipment manufacturing.

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